The efficiency and service life of advanced equipment largely depend on the performance of its core basiccomponents. As the heart of the hydraulic system, the high-pressure piston pump relies on key friction pair components.Achieving long life and high reliability in the manufacturing of these components under extreme working conditions is amajor technical challenge. This is one of the common bottlenecks China faces in achieving autonomy and controllability inadvanced equipment. This paper systematically reviews both mainstream and cutting-edge processes suitable for key pistonpump components. These processes include sand casting, investment casting, pressure casting, and semisolid casting. Theirworking principles, technical characteristics, and application scopes are discussed. How to precisely control the castingsolidification path and actively suppress internal defects is explored. This is achieved through advanced strategies such asmultiprocess integration design and digital simulation. These methods can significantly improve the mechanical andtribological properties and service life of components. By comparing and analysing relevant technical paths, the paper looksforward to the development of casting processes for key friction pair components. This development is moving towardintelligence, green low-carbon practices, and structural and functional integration. A solution for the development of high-pressure piston pumps is proposed