In response to the critical demand for heat-resistant titanium alloy sheets in hot-end components of advancedaerospace vehicles, the effects of the annealing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure evolution androom-temperature tensile properties of cold-rolled Ti65 alloy sheets were systematically investigated. Additionally, themicrodeformation mechanisms were elucidated via SEM and EBSD techniques. The results indicate that increasing theannealing temperature from 900 ℃ to 1 000 ℃ induces a microstructural transformation from an equiaxed morphology to alamellar morphology. Consequently, samples annealed at 900 ℃ exhibit excellent synergy in terms of strength and ductility,whereas the lamellar microstructure formed at 1 000 ℃ is characterized by high strength but significantly reduced ductility.After annealing at 900 ℃ for 30 min, an increase in the cooling rate significantly enhances the work-hardening capacity ofthe alloy. Notably, the ultimate tensile strength (1 142 MPa) and elongation (12.3%) of the water-cooled (WC) samples aresimultaneously optimized. For the alloy treated via the optimized process (900 ℃/30 min/WC), the tensile deformationbehavior is dominated primarily by prismatic <a> slip, whereas pyramidal <a> slip acts as a cooperative mechanism duringthe work-hardening stage.