Aluminum matrix composite materials, which are lightweight and high-strength materials, have broad application prospects. This article reviews the current research progress on boron nitride nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The preparation methods of boron nitride nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, including stirring casting, ultrasonic assisted casting, selective laser melting (SLM), and hot extrusion, are described in detail through the classification of liquid-phase and solid-phase methods. The mechanical properties and functional characteristics of the prepared composite materials are summarized. Finally, problems associated with different preparation methods are noted, and the future prospects of boron nitride nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites are discussed.