In this paper, the types and contents of the alloying elements in ferrite heat-resistant ductile cast iron were studied from the aspects of oxidation resistance, growth resistance, fatigue resistance, ferrite formation promotion and graphite spheroidization. The role of alloying elements and their matching content and matching mechanism were further systematically analysed in combination with the preparation process of ferrite heat resistant ductile iron. Finally, the alloying element design (mass fraction, %): 3.6 C, 3.9 Si, 3.0 Al, 1.5 Cr, 0.8 Mo, 0.6 Ni of the ferrite heat resistant ductile iron with excellent mechanical properties and low alloying was obtained.