High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are expected to become good electrocatalyst materials due to their wide composition adjustability and unique physical and chemical properties and have received widespread attention from the academic community in recent years. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of HEAs in the field of electrocatalysis, analyses the advantages of the electrocatalytic performance of HEAs, and proposes design strategies for optimizing HEA-based electrocatalytic materials, including morphology and size control, component regulation, strain engineering, defect engineering, etc. Subsequently, the preparation methods of HEA-based electrocatalytic materials are summarized, with special attention given to their applications in typical electrocatalytic fields such as the electrolysis of water for hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, alcohol oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities faced by this research field are provided.